As of December 2016, military service is compulsory for all Israeli citizens who are aged 18 years or over and are either Jewish, Druze or Circassian.
(The Druze are a religious community found primarily in Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan. They number approximately 1.25 million altogether, of whom about 130,000 live in Israel. The Circassians are native to the north–west Caucasus; many of them were displaced in the course of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the 19th century, especially after the Russian–Circassian War of 1864. They are Sunni Muslims, and about 4,000 of them live in Israel.)
The normal length of compulsory service in Israel is currently 32 months for men (three years in some roles), and two years for women.
(Update, Jan 2017: Wikipedia now seems to say three years for men, and still two years for women.)
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